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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of high response, excellent tolerance, and safety over the life span. It's important to find a medication and dosage that will relieve your child's or your own symptoms without causing any side effects. This can take a lot trial and error, as well as a constant communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that boost activity in the central nervous system. Students athletes, artists, workers and other people use them to enhance their cognitive and performance. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and other stimulant medications are the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every four hours as required. They can trigger a sudden, short-term decrease in energy called a crash after they wear off. The crash can cause extreme mood swings, hunger, and fatigue. Immediate-release medications can also raise blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is especially true when they don't take enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release active ingredients over 8-16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if you want long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill multiple times per day. Methylphenidate products in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the methylphenidate long-acting patch called Daytrana which adheres to the skin as a band-aid and lasts throughout the day. This type of medication is available to adults with ADHD and need daily doses that last longer than immediate-release alternatives. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the levels of neurotransmitters, like dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This allows the release of more neurotransmitters which aids in the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. Doctors often prescribe antidepressants addition to stimulants for ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD work on the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are a good option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Your doctor can switch between stimulant and a non-stimulant drug if your current medication isn't working or has intolerable adverse effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70% to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce symptoms like talking to others and fidgeting. They can also improve job performance and social skills. Stimulant medications start working when they cross the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They boost the levels of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells which reduces the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medication consists of one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine, (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). Stimulants may cause adverse effects like nausea, loss of appetite and increased blood pressure. They can also cause anxiety and headaches. medication for adhd in adults can also cause tics to become worse and trigger sleep problems in certain people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) are effective throughout the day and night unlike medications that last just several hours. They can also be used to treat other ailments such as depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering the way that your body regulates chemical known as monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases, or enzymes, break down dopamine as well as other neurotransmitters inside the brain. When these chemicals aren't broken down, they stay in your body for longer, which affects your thinking and behavior. Long-acting drugs can have less adverse effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses, which you can take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended release form that you can take once every day. This is a good option for some adults, but it's important to that you take them each day. Other medications have been proven to be effective in treating many people suffering from ADHD such as selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually prescribed to treat anxiety or depression however they can also be prescribed for ADHD, and about 70% of people react. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is another SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been demonstrated to be more effective than placebos in a controlled study. These medications can cause serious side effects, such as ringing of the ears anxiety, and changes in heart, vision and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. These drugs are available in different forms and each one has its own brand, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major kinds of stimulant medicines such as the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). All have similar effects, however they differ in the duration of their action. The methylphenidates have a shorter-lasting effect lasting for up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, so your doctor might prescribe them. It is important to learn everything you can about the drug that you are taking, including the potential side effects, how often it is recommended to take it and any warnings specific to the medication that should be observed. This will allow you to collaborate with your doctor in determining the appropriate dosage and medication for you. You should also understand that these medications can have certain negative side effects, including trouble sleeping or loss of appetite. Talk to your doctor in the event that you experience any of these side effects. You may need to alter your dosage or try another drug. Adults with ADHD who don't respond to stimulants well, may be treated with nonstimulant medication. These medications require longer time to work, but can improve the ability to pay attention and control impulses. These drugs might be prescribed on their own or together with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree is the very first. It is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex that regulates the behavior. Guanfacine is also known as Intuniv is part of the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. These drugs block reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was developed to treat high blood pressure but it also has been proven to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants that are depressant-type drugs such as clonidine and guanfacine. These drugs can have a calming effect on the brain, and can decrease symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also prevent withdrawal symptoms that can result from stimulants. This combination could be risky, however, if it is not used correctly. Combining two stimulants at simultaneously increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, a type of drug emergency that happens when the body is overloaded with many serotonin. This combination can also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at a greater risk of developing adverse effects from this drug. Teenagers and young adults are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These are commonly described as “legal highs” and are available at pharmacies. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances can be dangerous, especially if mixed with alcohol or other substances. Polydrug use can be dangerous. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful effects, such as increased heart rate, slower breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, and addiction. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medication increased the adherence of patients and helped them get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. A majority of patients, however, stopped their treatment due to side effects. In a few cases, the medication was discontinued due to sleep issues or worsening tics. This could be due to a wrong diagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants are an alternative treatment for ADHD. These medications improve the quality of attention and impulse control, but they don't work as effectively as stimulants. They are less likely to inhibit appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD however, they have a less chance of enhancing concentration and focus. A number of studies have proven that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either drug on its own. Combining these two medications helped improve the adherence of patients and decreased side effects for most people. The combination was effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.